AP Environmental Science ✏ In a Nutshell 1. The Living World: EcosystemsA summary of Introduction to Ecosystems Terrestrial Biomes Aquatic Biomes The Carbon Cycle The Nitrogen Cycle The Phosphorus Cycle The Hydrologic (Water) Cycle Primary Productivity Trophic Levels Energy Flow and the 10% Rule Food Chains and Food Webs2. The Living World: BiodiversityA summary of Introduction to Biodiversity Ecosystem Services Island Biogeography Ecological Tolerance Natural Disruptions to Ecosystems Adaptations Ecological Succession3. PopulationsA summary of Populations: Generalist and Specialist Species, K-Selected and r-Selected Species, Survivorship Curves, Carrying Capacity, Population Growth and Resource Availability, Age Structure Diagrams, Total Fertility Rate, Human Population Dynamics, Demographic Transition4. Earth Systems and ResourcesA summary of Earth Systems and Resources: Plate Tectonics, Soil Formation and Erosion, Soil Composition and Properties, Earth's Atmosphere, Global Wind Patterns, Watersheds, Solar Radiation and Earth's Seasons, Earth’s Geography and Climate, El Niño and La Niña5. Land and Water UseA summary of Land and Water Use: The Tragedy of the Commons, Clearcutting, The Agricultural and Green Revolutions, Agricultural Practices, Irrigation Methods (continued), Pest Control Methods, Meat Production Methods, Impacts of Overfishing, Impacts of Mining, Urbanization, Ecological Footprints, Sustainability, Methods to Reduce Urban Runoff, Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Sustainable Agriculture, IPM vs. Chemical Pesticide Use, CAFOs vs. Free-Range Grazing, Fishing Techniques6. Energy Resources and ConsumptionA summary of Energy Resources and Consumption: Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources, Global Energy Consumption, Fuel Types and Uses, Distribution of Natural Energy Resources, Fossil Fuels, Nuclear Power, Energy from Biomass, Solar Energy, Hydroelectric Power, Geothermal Energy, Hydrogen Fuel Cells, Conservation and Efficiency7. Atmospheric PollutionA summary of Atmospheric Pollution: Introduction to Air Pollution, Photochemical Smog, Thermal Inversion, Atmospheric CO₂ and Particulates, Indoor Air Pollutants, Reduction of Air Pollutants, Acid Rain, Noise Pollution8. Aquatic and Terrestrial PollutionA summary of Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution: Sources of Pollution, Human Impacts on Ecosystems, Endocrine Disruptors, Human Impacts on Wetlands and Mangroves, Eutrophication, Thermal Pollution, Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Solid Waste Disposal, Waste Reduction Methods, Sewage Treatment, Lethal Dose (LD50), Dose Response Curves, Pathogens and Infectious Diseases9. Global ChangeA summary of Global Change: Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, Reducing Ozone Depletion, The Greenhouse Effect, Increase in Greenhouse Gases, Climate Change, Ocean Warming, Ocean Acidification, Invasive Species, Endangered Species, Human Impacts on Biodiversity
