1. Exploring One-Variable Data
Categorical Variables
Representing a Quantitative Variable with Tables and Graphs
Describing the Distribution of a Quantitative Variable
Summary Statistics for a Quantitative Variable
Graphical Representations of Summary Statistics
Comparing Distributions of a Quantitative Variable
The Normal Distribution
2. Exploring Two-Variable Data
Two Categorical Variables
Two Quantitative Variables
Correlation
Least Squares Regression
Residuals
Outliers, Influential Points, and Leverage
More on Regression
Transformations to Achieve Linearity
3. Collecting Data
Retrospective Versus Prospective Observational Studies
Bias
Sampling Methods
Sampling Variability
Experiments Versus Observational Studies
The Language of Experiments
Replication and Generalizability of Results
Inference and Experiments
Use Correct Terminology!
4. Probability, Random Variables, and Probability Distributions
The Law of Large Numbers
Basic Probability Rules
Multistage Probability Calculations
Random Variables, Means (Expected Values), and Standard Deviations
Means and Variances for Sums and Differences of Random Variables
Transforming Random Variables
Binomial Distribution
Geometric Distribution
Cumulative Probability Distribution
5. Sampling Distributions
Normal Distribution Calculations
Central Limit Theorem
Biased and Unbiased Estimators
Sampling Distribution for Sample Proportions
Sampling Distribution for Differences in Sample Proportions
Sampling Distribution for Sample Means
Sampling Distribution for Differences in Sample Means
Simulation of a Sampling Distribution
6. Inference for Categorical Data: Proportions
The Meaning of a Confidence Interval
Conditions for Inference
Confidence Interval for a Proportion
Logic of Significance Testing
Significance Test for a Proportion
Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Proportions
Significance Test for the Difference of Two Proportions
7. Inference for Quantitative Data: Means
The t-Distribution
Confidence Interval for a Mean
Significance Test for a Mean
Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Means
Significance Test for the Difference of Two Means
Paired Data
Simulations and P-Values
More on Power, Type I Errors, and Type II Errors
Confidence Intervals Versus Hypothesis Tests
8. Inference for Categorical Data: Chi-Square
Chi-Square Test for Goodness-of-Fit
Chi-Square Test for Independence
Chi-Square Test for Homogeneity
9. Inference for Quantitative Data: Slopes
Sampling Distribution for the Slope
Confidence Interval for the Slope of a Least Squares Regression Line
Hypothesis Test for Slope of Least Squares Regression Line
