Rucete ✏ Biology In a Nutshell
1. What Is Genetic Equilibrium?
Genetic equilibrium refers to a condition where allele frequencies in a population remain constant over generations, assuming certain conditions are met.
This is described by the Hardy-Weinberg principle.
2. Hardy-Weinberg Conditions
For a population to remain in genetic equilibrium, the following five conditions must be met:
- No mutation
- No gene flow (no migration in or out)
- No genetic drift (large population size)
- No natural selection
- Random mating
3. Hardy-Weinberg Equations
a) Allele Frequency Equation
p + q = 1
- p = frequency of the dominant allele
- q = frequency of the recessive allele
b) Genotype Frequency Equation
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
- p² = frequency of homozygous dominant (AA)
- 2pq = frequency of heterozygous (Aa)
- q² = frequency of homozygous recessive (aa)
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Biology in a nutshell