Rucete ✏ Biology In a Nutshell
1. Natural Selection
- Favors individuals with advantageous traits, increasing their reproductive success.
- Alleles that enhance survival and reproduction increase in frequency over time.
- Drives adaptive evolution.
2. Mutation
- Introduces new alleles into a population’s gene pool.
- Although rare, mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation.
- Can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.
3. Gene Flow
- Movement of alleles into or out of a population due to migration.
- Increases genetic variation by introducing new alleles.
- Can reduce differences between populations.
4. Genetic Drift
- Random change in allele frequencies due to chance events.
- Strongest in small populations.
- Can lead to loss of genetic variation and fixation of harmful alleles.
5. Nonrandom Mating
- Occurs when individuals select mates based on specific traits.
- Includes inbreeding or assortative mating.
- Can alter genotype frequencies and increase homozygosity.
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Biology in a nutshell